Turkish Airlines

Turkish Airlines - Türk Hava Yolları- is the national flag carrier airline of Turkey. As of 2022, it operates scheduled services to 340 destinations in Europe, Asia, Africa, and the Americas, making it the largest mainline carrier in the world by number of passenger destinations. The airline serves more destinations non-stop from a single airport than any other airline in the world and flies to 126 countries, more than any other airline. With an operational fleet of 24 cargo aircraft, the airline's cargo division serves 82 destinations.

The airline's corporate headquarters are at the Turkish Airlines General Management Building on the grounds of Istanbul Atatürk Airport in Yeşilköy, Bakırköy, Istanbul. Istanbul Airport in Arnavutköy is the airline's main base, and there are secondary hubs at Ankara Esenboğa Airport and İzmir Adnan Menderes Airport. Turkish Airlines has been a member of the Star Alliance network since 1 April 2008.

A new terminal opened in January 2000 at Istanbul's Istanbul Atatürk Airport. Turkish Airlines continued to extend their international reach, forging marketing agreements with Asiana Airlines, American Airlines, Malaysia Airlines, LOT Polish Airlines, Czech Airlines and Cathay Pacific in 2000. On 29 October 2000, THY withdrew from the Swissair-led Qualiflyer alliance to help attract a strategic investor for their privatization. The airline had been part of the alliance's frequent-flyer program since November 1998. An Antalya-Frankfurt route was added in 2001 through a code-sharing agreement with Sun Express.

Turkey underwent an economic crisis throughout most of 2001, leading to a reduction in traffic on domestic routes in particular. THY managed to survive after the September 11 attacks on the United States without a government bailout or mass layoffs, although 300 middle management positions were eliminated, 400 part-timers were laid off and wages were cut 10 percent. Turkish Daily News credited the airline's survival to entrepreneurial management, which was quick to get rid of loss-making routes at home and abroad.

In 2003, the war in Iraq prompted Turkish Airlines to close some routes in the Persian Gulf, while flights to Asia were suspended during the SARS epidemic. However, the airline soon recovered, increasing traffic on existing routes and adding service to Delhi after an 11-year lapse.

Another fleet expansion program kicked off in 2004, helping THY maintain one of the youngest fleets in Europe. In July that year, the airline announced a massive $2.8 billion order of 36 jets from Airbus, plus an order for 15 Boeing 737s.

THY was not just ordering new planes. It was planning to spend $350 million on a new technical and training facility at Istanbul's underutilized Sabiha Gökçen International Airport. The airline had built up a significant technical services operation, maintaining not just their aircraft but those of third parties. Turkish Technic employed 2,700 workers and was planning to hire another 2,000 by 2010. THY also had three flight simulators and offered flight training services.

The airline faced the entry of new competitors into the liberalizing Turkish aviation market. However, tourism was booming, with 20 million people expected to visit the country in 2005 versus 12 million in 2003. THY divested its 50% holding in Cyprus Turkish Airlines (Kıbrıs Türk Hava Yolları) in 2005.

Although the company was publicly traded at this time, the government-owned 98% of its shares. The privatization program was revived in 2004 with a public offering of 20% of shares on the Istanbul Stock Exchange. The Turkish government-owned 75% of shares after the offering, which raised $170 million. Currently, the Republic of Turkey's Prime Ministry Privatization Administration owns a 49.12% interest in THY, while 50.88% of shares are publicly traded.

On 1 April 2008, Turkish Airlines joined the Star Alliance after an 18-month integration process beginning in December 2006, becoming the seventh European airline in the 20-member alliance.

In December 2011, the Turkish government unveiled plans to modernize the Aden Adde International Airport in Mogadishu, Somalia, which became one of the newest flight destinations of the carrier in 2012. The rehabilitation project is part of Turkey's broader engagement in the local post-conflict reconstruction process. Among the scheduled renovations are new airport systems and infrastructure, including a modern control tower to monitor the airspace. In March 2012, Turkish Airlines became the first international carrier to resume flights to Somalia since the start of that country's civil war in the early 1990s.

By the end of 2013, Turkish Airlines had increased their number of flight points to 241 destinations worldwide (199 international and 42 domestic).

In the wake of the 2016 Turkish coup d'état attempt, the Federal Aviation Administration temporarily banned flights between Turkey and the United States. This posed a particular problem for Turkish Airlines as a key component of the airline's strategy was to deliver one-stop journeys between the US and hard-to-reach destinations in Africa, the Middle East, and India. This ban was lifted on 18 July, and Turkish Airlines resumed flights to the U.S. on 19 July after a three-day disruption.

In August 2016, Turkish Airlines announced a profit collapse to a loss of 198 million Euros for the second quarter of 2016 while expecting an overall loss of 10 million passengers for 2016. The airline already announced significant reductions in operations for the upcoming 2016–2017 schedule period with frequency cuts to 45 European and 13 intercontinental routes. Turkish Airlines also announced an overall record loss of 1.9 billion Turkish Lira ($644.4 million) for the first half of 2016.

The following year saw the airline recover, with financial results for 2017 showing an almost 35% increase in turnover, and a return to profitability.

In February 2022, Turkish Cargo, the airline's freight subsidiary, relocated all cargo flights and operations from their former base at Istanbul Atatürk Airport to the new Istanbul Airport.

Frequent-flyer programme

Miles & Smiles logo.
Miles & Smiles is the frequent-flyer programme of Turkish Airlines, inaugurated in 2000 after the airline left Qualiflyer.[107] Earned miles can be used on Turkish Airlines flights, as well as on flights operated by the entire Star Alliance network. Miles&Smiles Classic Plus members are entitled to Star Alliance Silver benefits, while Elite and Elite Plus Miles & Smiles status entitles the member to Star Alliance Gold benefits.

Miles & Smiles Credit Card
Members of the frequent flyer programme also earn miles when paying their purchases with their Miles & Smiles credit card. Currently residents of Turkey, Israel and Azerbaijan are offered with Miles & Smiles credit card by programme member local banks. Credit cards can be issued in form of American Express, Mastercard and/or Isracard. There are also agreements with specific banks in countries across America, Asia and Oceania for earning and spending miles.

Turkish Airlines Corporate Club

Turkish Airlines Corporate Club is a kind of programme created for corporates. The Club allows its members to easily arrange business travels with special benefits. The Corporate Club is a part of Universal Air Travel Plan Network (UATP).

Fleet Turkish Airlines fleet

The Airbus A350 is the newest addition to fleet As of August 2022, Turkish Airlines operates a fleet of 388 aircraft, consisting of 13 passenger aircraft types. The airline started operations in 1933 with five aircraft, which grew to 52 in 1945 after the addition of Douglas DC-3s used in the Second World War. This made Turkish Airlines the largest carrier in the Middle East. The first jet-engined aircraft of the airline was a Douglas DC-9, which joined the fleet in 1967. The first wide-body Douglas DC-10 was added in 1972. The airline made major changes to its fleet development in late-1980s, when the first Airbus A310 arrived, and the Airbus A340 was ordered. The first Boeing 737s arrived a few years later.

Throughout 2004, the airline ordered over 50 aircraft both from Boeing and Airbus. Three Boeing 777-300s were leased in 2008, and later ordered 12 more from Boeing. In 2013, the airline ordered almost 200 aircraft. The airline ordered 25 each of the Boeing 787-9 and Airbus A350-900 in March 2018, which started delivery in 2019 and 2020 respectively.

Afghanistan Kabul Kabul International Airport Passenger
Mazar-i-Sharif Mazar-i-Sharif International Airport Passenger
Albania Tirana Tirana International Airport Nënë Tereza Passenger
Algeria Algiers Houari Boumediene Airport Passenger + cargo
Batna Mostépha Ben Boulaid Airport Terminated
Constantine Mohamed Boudiaf International Airport Passenger
Oran Ahmed Ben Bella Airport Passenger
Tlemcen Zenata – Messali El Hadj Airport Terminated
Angola Luanda Quatro de Fevereiro Airport Passenger + cargo
Argentina Buenos Aires Ministro Pistarini International Airport Passenger + cargo
Austria Graz Graz Airport Passenger
Linz Linz Airport Terminated
Salzburg Salzburg Airport Passenger
Vienna Vienna International Airport Passenger
Azerbaijan Baku Heydar Aliyev International Airport Passenger + cargo
Ganja Ganja International Airport Passenger
Nakhchivan Nakhchivan International Airport Passenger
Bahrain Manama Bahrain International Airport Passenger + cargo
Bangladesh Dhaka Shahjalal International Airport Passenger + cargo
Belarus Minsk Minsk National Airport Passenger + cargo
Belgium Brussels Brussels Airport Passenger + cargo
Liège Liège Airport Terminated
Benin Cotonou Cadjehoun Airport Passenger + cargo
Bosnia and Herzegovina Sarajevo Sarajevo International Airport Passenger
Tuzla Tuzla International Airport Terminated
Brazil Campinas Viracopos International Airport Terminated
São Paulo São Paulo/Guarulhos International Airport Passenger + cargo
Bulgaria Sofia Sofia Airport Passenger
Varna Varna Airport Passenger
Burkina Faso Ouagadougou Thomas Sankara International Airport Ouagadougou Passenger + cargo
Cambodia Phnom Penh Phnom Penh International Airport Cargo
Cameroon Douala Douala International Airport Passenger + cargo
Yaoundé Yaoundé Nsimalen International Airport Passenger + cargo
Canada Montreal Montréal–Trudeau International Airport Passenger + cargo
Toronto Toronto Pearson International Airport Passenger + cargo
Vancouver Vancouver International Airport Passenger + cargo
Chad N'Djamena N'Djamena International Airport Passenger
China Beijing Beijing Capital International Airport Passenger + cargo
Guangzhou Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport Passenger + cargo
Shanghai Shanghai Pudong International Airport Passenger + cargo
Shenzhen Shenzhen Bao'an International Airport Cargo
Xi'an Xi'an Xianyang International Airport Passenger
Colombia Bogotá El Dorado International Airport Passenger + cargo
Comoros Moroni Prince Said Ibrahim International Airport Passenger
Congo, Democratic Republic of Kinshasa N'djili Airport Passenger + cargo
Congo, Republic of Pointe-Noire Agostinho-Neto International Airport Passenger + cargo
Croatia Dubrovnik Dubrovnik Airport Passenger
Zagreb Zagreb Airport Passenger
Cuba Havana José Martí International Airport Passenger + cargo
Curaçao Curaçao Curaçao International Airport Terminated
Cyprus Nicosia Nicosia International Airport Terminated
Czech Republic Prague Václav Havel Airport Prague Passenger + cargo
Denmark Aalborg Aalborg Airport Terminated
Billund Billund Airport Passenger + cargo
Copenhagen Copenhagen Airport Passenger + cargo
Djibouti Djibouti City Djibouti-Ambouli International Airport Passenger
Ecuador Quito Mariscal Sucre International Airport Cargo
Egypt Alexandria Borg El Arab Airport Passenger
Cairo Cairo International Airport Passenger + cargo
Hurghada Hurghada International Airport Passenger
Luxor Luxor International Airport Passenger
Sharm El Sheikh Sharm El Sheikh International Airport Passenger
Equatorial Guinea Malabo Malabo International Airport Passenger
Eritrea Asmara Asmara International Airport Passenger
Estonia Tallinn Tallinn Airport Passenger
Ethiopia Addis Ababa Addis Ababa Bole International Airport Passenger
Finland Helsinki Helsinki Airport Passenger + cargo
Rovaniemi Rovaniemi Airport Passenger
France Bordeaux Bordeaux–Mérignac Airport Passenger
Lyon Lyon–Saint-Exupéry Airport Passenger
Marseille Marseille Provence Airport Passenger
Nice Nice Côte d'Azur Airport Passenger
Paris Charles de Gaulle Airport Passenger + cargo
Orly Airport Terminated
Strasbourg Strasbourg Airport Passenger
Toulouse Toulouse–Blagnac Airport Passenger
Gabon Libreville Léon-Mba International Airport Passenger + cargo
Gambia Banjul Banjul International Airport Passenger + cargo
Georgia Batumi Batumi International Airport Passenger
Tbilisi Tbilisi International Airport Passenger + cargo
Germany Berlin Berlin Brandenburg Airport Passenger + cargo
Berlin Schönefeld Airport Airport closed
Berlin Tegel Airport Airport closed
Bremen Bremen Airport Passenger
Cologne
Bonn Cologne Bonn Airport Passenger
Düsseldorf Düsseldorf Airport Passenger + cargo
Frankfurt Frankfurt Airport Passenger + cargo
Friedrichshafen Friedrichshafen Airport Passenger
Hamburg Hamburg Airport Passenger + cargo
Hanover Hannover Airport Passenger + cargo
Karlsruhe
Baden-Baden Karlsruhe/Baden-Baden Airport Passenger
Leipzig Leipzig/Halle Airport Passenger
Munich Munich Airport Passenger + cargo
Münster
Osnabrück Münster Osnabrück International Airport Terminated
Nuremberg Nuremberg Airport Passenger
Stuttgart Stuttgart Airport Passenger + cargo
Ghana Accra Kotoka International Airport Passenger + cargo
Greece Athens Athens International Airport Passenger + cargo
Ellinikon International Airport Airport closed
Thessaloniki Thessaloniki Airport Passenger
Guinea Conakry Conakry International Airport Passenger + cargo
Hong Kong Hong Kong Hong Kong International Airport Passenger + cargo
Hungary Budapest Budapest Ferenc Liszt International Airport Passenger + cargo
India Ahmedabad Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel International Airport Cargo
Bangalore Kempegowda International Airport Cargo
Chennai Chennai International Airport Cargo
Delhi Indira Gandhi International Airport Passenger + cargo
Hyderabad Rajiv Gandhi International Airport Cargo
Mumbai Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport Passenger + cargo
Indonesia Denpasar Ngurah Rai International Airport Passenger + cargo
Jakarta Soekarno–Hatta International Airport Passenger + cargo
Iran Ahvaz Ahvaz International Airport Terminated
Isfahan Isfahan International Airport Passenger
Kermanshah Kermanshah Airport Terminated
Mashhad Mashhad International Airport Passenger
Shiraz Shiraz International Airport Passenger
Tabriz Tabriz International Airport Passenger
Tehran Tehran Imam Khomeini International Airport Passenger + cargo
Urmia Urmia Airport Passenger
Iraq Baghdad Baghdad International Airport Passenger + cargo
Basra Basra International Airport Passenger
Erbil Erbil International Airport Passenger + cargo
Kirkuk Kirkuk international airport Passenger
Mosul Mosul International Airport Terminated
Najaf Al Najaf International Airport Passenger
Sulaymaniyah Sulaimaniyah International Airport Passenger
Ireland Dublin Dublin Airport Passenger + cargo
Shannon Shannon Airport Terminated
Israel Tel Aviv Ben Gurion Airport Passenger + cargo
Italy Bari Bari Karol Wojtyła Airport Passenger
Bergamo Orio al Serio International Airport Passenger
Bologna Bologna Guglielmo Marconi Airport Passenger
Catania Catania–Fontanarossa Airport Passenger
Genoa Genoa Cristoforo Colombo Airport Terminated
Milan Milan Linate Airport Terminated
Milan Malpensa Airport Passenger + cargo
Naples Naples International Airport Passenger
Pisa Pisa International Airport Passenger
Rome Leonardo da Vinci–Fiumicino Airport Passenger + cargo
Turin Turin Airport Passenger
Venice Venice Marco Polo Airport Passenger
Ivory Coast Abidjan Félix-Houphouët-Boigny International Airport Passenger + cargo
Japan Osaka Kansai International Airport Passenger
Tokyo Haneda Airport Passenger + cargo
Narita International Airport Passenger
Jordan Amman Queen Alia International Airport Passenger + cargo
Aqaba King Hussein International Airport Passenger
Kazakhstan Aktau Aktau Airport Passenger
Almaty Almaty International Airport Passenger + cargo
Astana Nursultan Nazarbayev International Airport Passenger
Karaganda Sary-Arka Airport Passenger
Turkistan Hazret Sultan International Airport Passenger
Kenya Mombasa Moi International Airport Passenger
Nairobi Jomo Kenyatta International Airport Passenger + cargo
Kosovo[a] Pristina Pristina International Airport Adem Jashari Passenger
Kuwait Kuwait City Kuwait International Airport Passenger + cargo
Kyrgyzstan Bishkek Manas International Airport Passenger + cargo
Osh Osh Airport Terminated
Latvia Riga Riga International Airport Passenger
Lebanon Beirut Beirut–Rafic Hariri International Airport Passenger + cargo
Libya Benghazi Benina International Airport Terminated
Misrata Misrata Airport Terminated
Sabha Sabha Airport Terminated
Tripoli Mitiga International Airport Terminated
Tripoli International Airport Terminated
Lithuania Kaunas Kaunas Airport Terminated
Vilnius Vilnius Airport Passenger + cargo
Luxembourg Luxembourg City Luxembourg Airport Passenger
Macau Macau Macau International Airport Cargo
Madagascar Antananarivo Ivato International Airport Passenger + cargo
Malaysia Kuala Lumpur Kuala Lumpur International Airport Passenger + cargo
Maldives Malé Velana International Airport Passenger + cargo
Mali Bamako Modibo Keita International Airport Passenger + cargo
Malta Valletta Malta International Airport Passenger
Mauritania Nouakchott Nouakchott–Oumtounsy International Airport Passenger + cargo
Mauritius Port Louis Sir Seewoosagur Ramgoolam International Airport Passenger + cargo
Mexico Cancún Cancún International Airport Passenger + cargo
Mexico City Mexico City International Airport Passenger + cargo
Moldova Chișinău Chișinău International Airport Passenger
Mongolia Ulaanbaatar Buyant-Ukhaa International Airport Terminated
Chinggis Khaan International Airport Passenger + cargo
Montenegro Podgorica Podgorica Airport Passenger
Tivat Tivat Airport Passenger
Morocco Casablanca Mohammed V International Airport Passenger + cargo
Marrakesh Marrakesh Menara Airport Passenger + cargo
Mozambique Maputo Maputo International Airport Passenger
Myanmar Yangon Yangon International Airport Terminated
Namibia Windhoek Hosea Kutako International Airport Terminated
Nepal Kathmandu Tribhuvan International Airport Passenger + cargo
Netherlands Amsterdam Amsterdam Airport Schiphol Passenger + cargo
Maastricht Maastricht Aachen Airport Cargo
Rotterdam
The Hague Rotterdam The Hague Airport Terminated
Niger Niamey Diori Hamani International Airport Passenger
Nigeria Abuja Nnamdi Azikiwe International Airport Passenger + cargo
Kano Mallam Aminu Kano International Airport Terminated
Lagos Murtala Muhammed International Airport Passenger + cargo
Port Harcourt Port Harcourt International Airport Passenger
North Macedonia Skopje Skopje International Airport Passenger
Northern Cyprus Famagusta Geçitkale Airport Terminated
North Nicosia Ercan International Airport Passenger
Norway Oslo Oslo Airport, Gardermoen Passenger + cargo
Oman Muscat Muscat International Airport Passenger + cargo
Pakistan Islamabad Benazir Bhutto International Airport Airport closed
Islamabad International Airport Passenger + cargo
Karachi Jinnah International Airport Passenger + cargo
Lahore Allama Iqbal International Airport Passenger + cargo
Panama Panama City Tocumen International Airport Passenger + cargo
Philippines Cebu Mactan–Cebu International Airport Passenger + cargo
Manila Ninoy Aquino International Airport Passenger + cargo
Poland Warsaw Warsaw Chopin Airport Passenger + cargo
Portugal Lisbon Lisbon Airport Passenger
Porto Porto Airport Passenger + cargo
Puerto Rico Aguadilla Rafael Hernández Airport Terminated
Qatar Doha Doha International Airport Airport closed
Hamad International Airport Passenger + cargo
Romania Bucharest Henri Coandă International Airport Passenger + cargo
Cluj-Napoca Cluj International Airport Passenger
Constanța Mihail Kogălniceanu International Airport Passenger
Russia Astrakhan Narimanovo Airport Terminated
Chelyabinsk Chelyabinsk Airport Passenger
Kaliningrad Khrabrovo Airport Passenger
Kazan Kazan International Airport Passenger
Krasnodar Krasnodar International Airport Passenger
Moscow Domodedovo International Airport Passenger
Sheremetyevo International Airport Terminated
Vnukovo International Airport Passenger + cargo
Novosibirsk Tolmachevo Airport Terminated
Omsk Omsk Tsentralny Airport Passenger
Perm Perm International Airport Passenger
Rostov-on-Don Platov International Airport Passenger
Rostov-on-Don Airport Airport closed
Saint Petersburg Pulkovo Airport Passenger + cargo
Samara Kurumoch International Airport Passenger
Sochi Sochi International Airport Passenger
Stavropol Stavropol Shpakovskoye Airport Terminated
Surgut Surgut International Airport Passenger
Tyumen Roshchino International Airport Passenger
Ufa Ufa International Airport Passenger
Voronezh Voronezh International Airport Passenger
Yekaterinburg Koltsovo International Airport Passenger
Rwanda Kigali Kigali International Airport Passenger + cargo
Saudi Arabia Dammam King Fahd International Airport Passenger
Gassim Prince Naif bin Abdulaziz International Airport Passenger
Jeddah King Abdulaziz International Airport Passenger
Medina Prince Mohammad bin Abdulaziz International Airport Passenger
Riyadh King Khalid International Airport Passenger
Ta'if Ta'if Regional Airport Passenger
Senegal Dakar Blaise Diagne International Airport Passenger + cargo
Léopold Sédar Senghor International Airport Terminated
Serbia Belgrade Belgrade Nikola Tesla Airport Passenger + cargo
Niš Niš Constantine the Great Airport Terminated